Aim and objective: This retrospective cohort study was designed to investigate the possible relationship between vitamin D and the clinical course of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Materials and methods: The medical records of patients admitted to a tertiary health center between January 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Ninety idiopathic BPPV and one hundred healthy subjects without vertigo were included in the study. Results: The serum vitamin D concentration and BPPV occurrence were not correlated (p = 0.601). BPPV recurrence was significantly affected by age (p = 0.028) and serum vitamin D concentrations (p = 0.02). Conclusion: This study indicated that there is no causal relationship between low vitamin D levels and BPPV. Another result of the study is that low vitamin D concentrations and older age increase BPPV recurrences. This increase in recurrence due to vitamin D deficiency does not eliminate oral vitamin D treatment. Clinical significance: The relationship between vitamin D and BPPV is still controversial and the effect of vitamin D administration on the BPPV treatment process is unknown.

Sensorineural deafness is a bilateral, progressive hearing loss of gradual onset which predominantly affects the higher frequencies and old patients. Hypertension, being the most common vascular disorder, may facilitate structural changes in the heart and blood vessels. High pressure in the vascular system may cause inner ear hemorrhage, which may cause progressive or sudden hearing loss.

Aim and objective: Chronic otitis media (COM) is very commonly dealt with in otolaryngology practice in India. Patients with profound hearing loss due to chronic otitis media are candidates for cochlear implantation. This study aimed to evaluate the management options and to study the effectiveness of cochlear implantation in patients with bilateral severe to profound hearing loss due to COM. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of 25 patients with severe to profound hearing loss due to bilateral chronic otitis media who underwent cochlear implantation was done from July 1998 to July 2018 at a tertiary ENT center in Chennai, India. All patients were postlingual candidates. A protocol was developed to manage otitis media and perform cochlear implantation based on the type of disease and disease activity. Results: Significant hearing improvement after cochlear implantation was noticed in all patients with chronic otitis media. Patients with chronic otitis media posed challenges to cochlear implantation. No operative complications were noticed in any of these patients. Conclusion: Cochlear implantation (CI) is an effective procedure for hearing restoration in patients with profound hearing loss due to chronic otitis media. Meticulous surgical technique in clearing disease and in cochlear implantation is of paramount importance. A two-stage procedure may be required for optimal outcomes. Clinical significance: Patients with profound hearing loss due to chronic otitis media require cochlear implantation which entails special considerations. Awareness of the issues relating to CI in chronic otitis media is vital to ensure successful outcomes.

Introduction: Chronic otitis media (COM) is one of the most common middle ear diseases for which a patient visits an otolaryngologist. Depending on the type and extent of the disease, various surgical procedures are performed in cases of COM. There is a wide spectrum of postoperative complications that are known to happen after middle-ear surgery, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) being one of them. SNHL following middle-ear surgery is an important yet underreported complication and may be caused by acoustic trauma due to drilling and suction or due to manipulation of ossicles. Many contradictory studies have been published to date. With the help of this study, we tried to evaluate SNHL as a complication of middle ear surgeries in our set-up. Materials and methods: A prospective study including 150 patients was conducted for 2 years. Three types of middle ear surgeries were included in the study: tympanoplasty, cortical mastoidectomy, and modified radical mastoidectomy. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) was performed on each patient preoperatively and seventh day and at 3 months postoperatively. The values obtained underwent statistical analysis to obtain p-value. p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: No postoperative SNHL was found and the difference between the preoperative bone conduction threshold values and postoperative values were not found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: From the above study we conclude that though the drilling and suction produce a significant level of noise, there is no statistically significant shift in the bone conduction threshold values.