Citation Information :
Elsheikh E, Nasr WF, Ibrahim AA. Anatomical Variations of Infraorbital Foramen in Dry Human Adult Egyptian Skulls, Anthropometric Measurements and Surgical Relevance. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013; 5 (3):125-129.
Evidence supports a clear racial variation in the position of the infraorbital foramen (IOF). Therefore detailed knowledge of the population specific data on biometric features of (IOF) will facilitate therapeutic, diagnostic and surgical manipulations in the maxillofacial region. The goal of this study was to elucidate the morphological features and precise anatomical position of the (IOF) with reference to surrounding anatomical landmarks in an adult Egyptian population.
Materials and methods
Fifty-nine adult dry Egyptian skulls (32 males and 27 females) were assessed to determine the number, shape, orientation, vertical and transverse diameters of the IOF, transverse distance from the IOF to the maxillary midline, the zygomaticomaxillary suture and the vertical distance from the IOF to the infraorbital rim and accessory infraorbital foramen using a metal casting digital vernier caliper. The position of the IOF was determined in relation to the maxillary teeth. The findings indicated that the size of the IOF and the mean distances from the IOF to the maxillary midline, infraorbital rim and foramen was significantly larger in males than in females.
Results
The majority of IOF among the skulls were semilunarshaped in 59.4% in male skulls and 48.1% in female skulls. The majority were directed inferomedially in 88.9% in female skulls and 78.1 % in male skulls. Accessory foramina were found in 21.87% of male skulls and 18.5% of female skulls. All had bilateral double foramina except for one male skull and one female skull.
Conclusion
The racial and gender differences of the IOF emphasize the need for meticulous preoperative evaluation of the IOF in patients who are candidates for maxillofacial surgeries and regional block anesthesia.
How to cite this article
Elsheikh E, Nasr WF, Ibrahim AAS. Anatomical Variations of infraorbital Foramen in Dry Human Adult Egyptian Skulls; Anthropometric Measurements and Surgical Relevance. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2013;5(3):125-129.
Supraorbital notch/foramen, infraorbital foramen and mental foramen in Thais: anthropometric measurements and surgical relevance. J Med Assoc Thai 2006;89:675–682.
An anthropometric analysis of the key foramina for maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003;61:354–357.
Biometrie features of facial foramina in adult Kenyan skulls. Eur J Anat 2008;21:89–95.
Anatomic characteristics of the infraorbital foramen; a cadaver study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58:992–996.
Microscopic anatomy of the infraorbital canal, nerve and foramen. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;129:692–701.
Gray's anatomy. The anatomical basis of medicine and surgery. 38th Ed. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 2000.
Craniofacial asymmetry in development: an anatomical study. Angle Orthod 2003;73:381–385.
Locational relationship of the supraobital notch or foramen and infraorbital and mental foramina in Koreans. Acta Anat 1995;154:162–166.
Study of infraorbital foramen, canal and nerve in adult Egyptians. Egypt Dent J 1993;39:573–580.
Morphometric analysis of infraorbital foramen in day adult skulls and its surgical relevance. Journal of Advance Researches in Biological Sciences 2012;4(2):83–87.
Morphometric analysis of the infraorbital foramen in adult Sri Lankan skulls. Int J Morphol 2010;28(3):777–782.
Morphometric analysis of the infraorbital foramen and accessories foraminas in Brasillian skulls. Int J Morphol 2004;22:273–278.
Anthropometric analysis of the infra orbital foramen in South Indian population. Singapore Med J 2010;51(9):730.
Anthropometric measurements of infraorbital foramen in dried human skulls. Int J Biol Med Res 2012;3(3):2003–2006.
Morphometric measurements from various reference points in the orbit of male Caucasians. Surg Radiol Anat 2002;24(6):358–362.
Anatomic variations of the infraorbital foramen. Ann Plast Surg 1999;43:613–617.
A morphological and biometric study of the infraorbital foramen (E2 – Sibai Point) in adult skulls. Int J Morphol 2012;30(3):986–992.
Morphometric analysis of infraorbital foramen in Indian dry skulls. Anatomy and Cell Biology 2011;44:79–83.
Morphometric analysis of infraorbital foramen position in South Indian skulls. Indian J Innovations Dev 2012;1:2277–5390.
Infraorbital foramen location in dry human skulls. Braz J Morphol 2009;26(1): 35–38.
