An International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Clinics

Register      Login

VOLUME 15 , ISSUE 3 ( September-December, 2023 ) > List of Articles

Original Article

Does the Type of Transducer Influence Digit Span Test for Assessing Short-term Memory?

Imran Ansari, Tulsi Sao, Debadatta Mahallik

Keywords : Auditory, Digit span, Short-term memory, Transducer, Working memory

Citation Information : Ansari I, Sao T, Mahallik D. Does the Type of Transducer Influence Digit Span Test for Assessing Short-term Memory?. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2023; 15 (3):122-124.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1454

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 09-01-2024

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2023; The Author(s).


Abstract

Introduction: Digit span is the most widely used to measure the capacity of auditory working memory and administered using two different variants forward digit span and backward digit span test. It was revealed that auditory digit span test is influenced by various extrinsic factors and intrinsic factors, such as rhythm of presentation, language, the material used, method of scoring, rate of presentation, live voice testing, age, sex, race, and pathological condition; however, the mode of stimulus presentation on auditory digit span test was not studied previously. Aim: Hence, in the present study, it is attempted to find out the type of transducer influences digit span test for assessing short-term memory. Methods: A total number of 44 normal hearing participants within the age range of 18–25 years were included in this study. Auditory digits span testing, that is, forward and backward were done by using calibrated headphone and loudspeaker in soundproof room. Results: The results showed no significant differences for both forward (Z-score = 3.692, p > 0.05) and backward digit span test (Z-score = 3.712, p > 0.05) between headphone and loudspeaker. Conclusion: Auditory digit span test is not influenced by types of transducers. Hence, loudspeaker can be used alternatively for easy and convenient way to test auditory working memory especially for difficult-to-test population and children clinically and aural rehabilitation.


HTML PDF Share
  1. Dobbs AR, Rule BG. Adult age differences in working memory. Psychol Aging 1989;4(4):500. DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.4.4.500.
  2. Kaiser J. Dynamics of auditory working memory. Front Psychol 2015;6:613. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00613.
  3. Gathercole SE, Hitch GJ, Service E, et al. Phonological short-term memory and new word learning in children. Dev Psychol 1997;33(6):966. DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.33.6.966.
  4. Woods DL, Kishiyama MM, Yund EW, et al. Improving digit span assessment of short-term verbal memory. J Clinical Exp Neuropsychol 2011;33(1):101–111. DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2010.493149.
  5. Richardson JT. Measures of short-term memory: A historical review. Cortex 2007;43(5):635–650. DOI: 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70493-3.
  6. Frick RW. Using both an auditory and a visual short-term store to increase digit span. Memory Cogn 1984;12(5):507–514. DOI: 10.3758/BF03198313.
  7. Pisoni DD, Geers AE. Working memory in deaf children with cochlear implants: Correlations between digit span and measures of spoken language processing. Annals Otol, Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 2000;185:92. DOI: 10.1177/0003489400109S1240.
  8. Reeves C, Schmauder AR, Morris RK. Stress grouping improves performance on an immediate serial list recall task. J Exp Psychol: Learn, Memory, Cogn 2000;26(6):1638. DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.26.6.1638.
  9. Silverman MJ. The effect of paired pitch, rhythm, and speech on working memory as measured by sequential digit recall. J Music Ther 2007;44(4):415–427. DOI: 10.1093/jmt/44.4.415.
  10. Sao T, Jain C. Effects of hormonal changes in temporal perception, speech perception in noise and auditory working memory in females. Hearing, Balance Commun 2016;14(2):94–100. DOI: 10.3109/21695717.2016.1155837.
  11. Menzel OJ. Clinical efficiency in compensation audiometry. J Speech Hear Disord 1960;25(1):49–54. DOI: 10.1044/jshd.2501.49.
  12. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Guidelines for acoustic immittance screening of middle ear function. Asha 1979;21(288):563–569.
  13. Jerger J. Clinical experience with impedance audiometry. Arch Otolaryngol 1970;92(4):311–324. DOI: 10.1001/archotol. 1970.04310040005002.
  14. Jerger J, Jerger S, Mauldin L. Studies in impedance audiometry: I. Normal and sensorineural ears. Arch Otolaryngol 1972;96(6):513–523. DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1972.00770090791004.
  15. Gelfand SA. Essentials of audiology. New York: Thieme; 1984.
  16. Grégoire J, Van der Linden M. Effect of age on forward and backward digit spans. Aging, Neuropsychol, Cogn 1997;4(2):140–149. DOI: 10.1080/13825589708256642.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.