Introduction: Type 1 tympanoplasty or myringoplasty is the repair of the perforated ear drum. Comparisons of microscopic and endoscopic techniques present in literature use different routes of access and cannot be compared head-on. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare an endoscopic and a microscopic myringoplasty results when both are performed via the transcanal route. Materials and methods: We present a retrospective study done at a single center to compare endoscopic and microscopic type 1 tympanoplasties, both done via the transcanal route. A total of 70 patients, 30 operated with endoscope and 40 with microscope, were included in the analysis. Patients of either sex, between 18 and 60 years of age, with a dry perforation, and air–bone gap of ≤30 dB were included. Results: Perforations were completely closed in 93% of the endoscopic group and 92.5% in the microscopic group. The air–bone gap closure was 12.89 dB in the endoscopic and 11.97 dB in the microscopic group. There was no association between the site or size of the perforation and the failure of surgery. The time taken for surgery was also equivalent. The endoscope had the advantage of avoiding a canaloplasty and of looking into the hidden areas of the middle ear. Conclusion: For transcanal, minimally invasive type 1 tympanoplasty, both techniques provide equivalent results. We recommend the use of an endoscope as the primary or an accessory tool for better visualization.