Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Gene Level in Patients with Tympanosclerosis
Yasser M Mandour, Mohammed Shendy, Ahmed H El-Zobeir, Ayman A Mohammady, Shuzan A Mohammed, Naslshah G Kazem
Keywords :
Chronic otitis media with effusion, COME, OM, Otitis media, PCR, Polymerase chain reaction, QRT-PCR, Quantitative real time PCR, TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor alpha
Citation Information :
Mandour YM, Shendy M, El-Zobeir AH, Mohammady AA, Mohammed SA, Kazem NG. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Gene Level in Patients with Tympanosclerosis. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2023; 15 (1):1-4.
Background: Tympanosclerosis is the calcification of middle ear connective tissue, including tympanic membrane, which sometimes occurs after middle ear inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α tends to induce and maintain inflammatory responses in various diseases, including chronic otitis media with effusion (COME).
Aim: To assay plasma level of TNF-α gene expression in patients with tympanosclerosis due to ventilation tube insertion.
Methods: Sixty patients were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A: 60 patients, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and Group B: 20 volunteers. Patients were subjected to history taking, full clinical examination, and laboratory investigation of TNF-α gene expression [quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)].
Results: There was a statistical difference between groups according to TNF-α gene expression, as the mean TNF-α in the case group (3.87) was statistically higher than in the control group I, p < 0.001. There was a statistical difference in TNF-α level regarding the number of tube insertion (p = 0.005) and duration of secretory otitis media (OM) (p = 0.042). However, there was no statistical difference in TNF-α level regarding medication use or episodes of acute OM.
Conclusion: The degree of gene profile expression for TNF-α in selected middle ear structures with tympanosclerosis was statistically important, higher than the control group.
Karldağ T, İlhan N, Kaygusuz İ, et al. Comparison of free radicals and antioxidant enzymes in chronic otitis media with and without tympanosclerosis. Laryngoscope 2004;114(1):85–89. DOI: 10.1097/00005537-200401000-00014.
Trojanowska A, Drop A, Trojanowski P, et al. External and middle ear diseases: radiological diagnosis based on clinical signs and symptoms. Insights Imaging 2012;3(1):33–48. DOI: 10.1007/s13244-011-0126-z.
Magliocca KR, Vivas EX, Griffith CC. Idiopathic, infectious and reactive lesions of the ear and temporal bone. Head Neck Pathol 2018;12(3):328–349. DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-0952-0.
Aynali G, Yariktaş M, Yasan H, et al. The effects of methylprednisolone, montelukast and indomethacine in experimental otitis media with effusion. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2011;75(1):15–19. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.09.024.
Silva LB, dos Santos Neto AP, Maia SMAS, et al. The role of TNF-α as a proinflammatory cytokine in pathological processes. Open Dent J 2019;13(1). DOI: 10.2174/1874210601913010332.
Mionskowski T, Kuczkowski J, Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M. Assessment of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression profile in selected structures of middle ear in patients with tympanosclerosis. Otolaryngol Pol Polish Otolaryngol 2012;66(Suppl 4):20–24. DOI: 10.1016/S0030-6657(12)70780-1.
Jang CH. Characterization of cytokines present in pediatric recurrent otitis media with effusion: comparison of allergy and nonallergy. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol Neck Surg 2000;43(8):808–812. DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5876(02)00185-4.
Wilfinger WW, Mackey K, Chomczynski P. Effect of pH and ionic strength on the spectrophotometric assessment of nucleic acid purity. Biotechniques 1997;22(3):474–481. DOI: 10.2144/97223st01.
Park SB, Jee BC, Kim SH, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, inhibits leiomyoma cell proliferation through the nuclear factor κB pathway. Reprod Sci 2014;21(9):1187–1195. DOI: 10.1177/1933719114542010.
Maxwell K, Leonard G, Kreutzer DL. Cytokine expression in otitis media with effusion: tumor necrosis factor soluble receptor. Arch Otolaryngol Neck Surg 1997;123(9):984–988. DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1997.01900090100015.
Alpay HC, Etem EO, Kaygusuz I, et al. Evaluation of the polymorphism in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) genes of tympanosclerosis patients. Auris Nasus Larynx 2010;37(1):29–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2009.03.001.
Yellon RF, Doyle WJ, Whiteside TL, et al. Cytokines, immunoglobulins, and bacterial pathogens in middle ear effusions. Arch Otolaryngol Neck Surg 1995;121(8):865–869. DOI: 10.1001/archotol.1995.01890080033006.
Willett DN, Rezaee RP, Billy JM, et al. Relationship of endotoxin to tumor necrosis factor–α and interleukin-1β in children with otitis media with effusion. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1998;107(1):28–33. DOI: 10.1177/000348949810700106.
Skotnicka B, Hassmann E. Cytokines in children with otitis media with effusion. Eur Arch Oto-rhino-laryngol 2000;257(6):323–326. DOI: 10.1007/s004059900218.
